2009-03-29 16:03:37 +00:00
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< h1 > Assurance Policy for CAcert Community Members </ h1 >
2009-06-23 19:42:43 +00:00
< p >< a href = " PolicyOnPolicy.php " >< img src = " /images/cacert-policy.png " id = " graphics1 " alt = " CAcert Policy Status == POLICY " align = " bottom " border = " 0 " height = " 33 " width = " 90 " ></ a >
2009-03-29 16:03:37 +00:00
< br >
Editor : Teus Hagen < br >
Creation date : 2008 - 05 - 30 < br >
Last change by : Iang < br >
Last change date : 2009 - 01 - 08 < br >
Status : POLICY p20090105 . 2
</ p >
< h2 >< a name = " 0 " > 0. </ a > Preamble </ h2 >
< h3 >< a name = " 0.1 " > 0.1 .</ a > Definition of Terms </ h3 >
< dl >
< dt >< i > Member </ i > </ dt >
< dd > A Member is an individual who has agreed to the CAcert
Community Agreement
( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.php " target = " _blank " > CCA </ a > )
and has created successfully
a CAcert login account on the CAcert web site . </ dd >
< dt > < i > Assurance </ i > </ dt >
< dd > Assurance is the process by which a Member of CAcert
Community ( Assurer ) identifies an individual ( < span lang = " en-US " > Assuree </ span > ) .
</ dd >
< dt > < i > Prospective Member </ i > </ dt >
< dd > An individual who participates in the process of Assurance ,
but has not yet created a CAcert login account . </ dd >
< dt > < i > Name </ i > </ dt >
< dd > A Name is the full name of an individual .
</ dd >
< dt > < i > Secondary Distinguishing Feature </ i >
</ dt >
< dd > An additional personal data item of the Member
that assists discrimination from Members with similar full names .
( Currently this is the Date of Birth ( DoB ) . )
</ dd >
</ dl >
< h3 >< a name = " 0.2 " > 0.2 .</ a > The CAcert Web of Trust </ h3 >
< p >
In face - to - face meetings ,
an Assurer allocates a number of Assurance Points
to the Member being Assured .
CAcert combines the Assurance Points
into a global < i > Web - of - Trust </ i > ( or " WoT " ) .
</ p >
< p >
CAcert explicitly chooses to meet its various goals by
construction of a Web - of - Trust of all Members .
</ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 0.3 " > 0.3 .</ a > Related Documentation </ h3 >
< p >
Documentation on Assurance is split between this
Assurance Policy ( AP ) and the
< a href = " http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/AssuranceHandbook2 " target = " _blank " > Assurance
Handbook </ a >. The policy is controlled by Configuration Control
Specification
( < a href = " http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/PolicyDrafts/ConfigurationControlSpecification " target = " _blank " > CCS </ a > )
under Policy on Policy
( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/policy/PolicyOnPolicy.php " target = " _blank " > PoP </ a > )
policy document regime . Because Assurance is an active area , much
of the practice is handed over to the Assurance Handbook , which is
not a controlled policy document , and can more easily respond to
experience and circumstances . It is also more readable .
</ p >
< p >
See also Organisation Assurance Policy ( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/policy/OrganisationAssurancePolicy.php " target = " _blank " > OAP </ a > )
and CAcert Policy Statement ( < a href = " http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/policy.htm " target = " _blank " > CPS </ a > ) .
</ p >
< h2 >< a name = " 1 " > 1. </ a > Assurance Purpose </ h2 >
< p > The purpose of Assurance is to add confidence
in the Assurance Statement made by the CAcert Community of a Member . </ p >
< p > With sufficient assurances , a Member may : ( a ) issue certificates
with their assured Name included , ( b ) participate in assuring others ,
and ( c ) other related activities . The strength of these activities is
based on the strength of the assurance . </ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 1.1 " > 1.1 .</ a > The Assurance Statement </ h3 >
< p >
The Assurance Statement makes the following claims
about a person :
</ p >
< ol >
< li >
< p > The person is a bona fide Member . In other words , the
person is a member of the CAcert Community as defined by the CAcert
Community Agreement ( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.php " target = " _blank " > CCA </ a > ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > The Member has a ( login ) account with CAcert ' s on - line
registration and service system ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > The Member can be determined from any CAcert certificate
issued by the Account ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > The Member is bound into CAcert ' s Arbitration as defined
by the CAcert Community Agreement ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Some personal details of the Member are known to CAcert :
the individual Name ( s ), primary and other listed individual email
address ( es ), secondary distinguishing feature ( e . g . DoB ) . </ p >
</ li >
</ ol >
< p > The confidence level of the Assurance Statement is expressed by
the Assurance Points . </ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 1.2 " > 1.2 .</ a > Relying Party Statement </ h3 >
< p > The primary goal of the Assurance Statement is for the express
purpose of certificates to meet the needs of the < i > Relying Party
Statement </ i > , which latter is found in the Certification Practice
Statement ( < a href = " http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/policy.htm " target = " _blank " > CPS </ a > ) .
</ p >
< p > When a certificate is issued , some of the Assurance Statement may
be incorporated , e . g . Name . Other parts may be implied , e . g .
Membership , exact account and status . They all are part of the
< i > Relying Party Statement </ i >. In short , this means that other
Members of the Community may rely on the information verified by
Assurance and found in the certificate .</ p >
< p > In particular , certificates are sometimes considered to provide
reliable indications of e . g . the Member ' s Name and email address . The
nature of Assurance , the number of Assurance Points , and other
policies and processes should be understood as limitations on any
reliance . </ p >
< h2 >< a name = " 2 " > 2. </ a > The Member </ h2 >
< h3 >< a name = " 2.1 " > 2.1 .</ a > The Member ' s Name </ h3 >
< p >
At least one individual Name is recorded in the Member ' s
CAcert login account . The general standard of a Name is :
</ p >
< ul >
< li >
< p >
The Name should be recorded as written in a
government - issued photo identity document ( ID ) .
</ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p >
The Name should be recorded as completely as possible .
That is , including all middle names , any titles and extensions ,
without abbreviations , and without transliteration of characters .
</ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > The Name is recorded as a string of characters ,
encoded in < span lang = " en-US " > unicode </ span >
transformation format .</ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< h3 >< a name = " 2.2 " > 2.2 .</ a > Multiple Names and variations </ h3 >
< p >
In order to handle the contradictions in the above general standard ,
a Member may record multiple Names or multiple variations of a Name
in her CAcert online Account .
Examples of variations include married names ,
variations of initials of first or middle names ,
abbreviations of a first name ,
different language or country variations ,
and transliterations of characters in a name .
</ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 2.3 " > 2.3 .</ a > Status and Capabilities </ h3 >
< p >
A Name which has reached
the level of 50 Assurance Points is defined as an Assured
Name . An Assured Name can be used in a certificate issued by CAcert .
A Member with at least one Assured Name has reached the Assured
Member status .
Additional capabilities are described in Table 1.
</ p >
< blockquote >
< p align = " left " >< font size = " 2 " >< i > Table 1 :
Assurance Capability </ i ></ font ></ p >
< table border = " 1 " cellpadding = " 5 " cellspacing = " 0 " >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td width = " 10% " >
< p align = " left " >< i > Minimum Assurance Points </ i ></ p >
</ td >
< td width = " 15% " >
< p align = " left " >< i > Capability </ i ></ p >
</ td >
< td width = " 15% " >
< p align = " left " >< i > Status </ i ></ p >
</ td >
< td width = " 60% " >
< p align = " left " >< i > Comment </ i ></ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr valign = " top " >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 0 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Request Assurance </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Prospective Member </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Individual taking part of an
Assurance , who does not have created a CAcert login account ( yet ) . The
allocation of Assurance Points is awaiting login account creation .</ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr valign = " top " >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 0 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Request unnamed certificates </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Member </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Although the Member ' s details are
recorded in the account , they are not highly assured .</ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr valign = " top " >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 50 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Request named certificates </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Assured Member </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Statements of Assurance : the Name is
assured to 50 Assurance Points or more </ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr valign = " top " >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 100 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Become an Assurer </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Prospective Assurer </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " left " > Assured to 100 Assurance Points ( or
more ) on at least one Name , and passing the Assurer Challenge .</ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
</ tbody >
</ table >
</ blockquote >
< p >
A Member may check the status of another Member , especially
for an assurance process .
Status may be implied from information in a certificate .
The number of Assurance Points for each Member is not published .
</ p >
< p >
The CAcert Policy Statement
( < a href = " http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/policy.htm " target = " _blank " > CPS </ a > )
and other policies may list other capabilities that rely on Assurance
Points .
</ p >
< h2 >< a name = " 3 " > 3. </ a > The Assurer </ h2 >
< p > An Assurer is a Member with the following : </ p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Is assured to a minimum of 100 Assurance Points ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Has passed the CAcert Assurer Challenge . </ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< p > The Assurer Challenge is administered by the Education Team on
behalf of the Assurance Officer . </ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 3.1 " > 3.1 .</ a > The Obligations of the Assurer </ h3 >
< p > The Assurer is obliged to : </ p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Follow this Assurance Policy ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Follow any additional rules of detail laid out by the
CAcert Assurance Officer ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Be guided by the CAcert < a href = " http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/AssuranceHandbook2 " target = " _blank " > Assurance Handbook </ a > in their
judgement ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Make a good faith effort at identifying and verifying
Members ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Maintain the documentation on each Assurance ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Deliver documentation to Arbitration , or as otherwise
directed by the Arbitrator ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Keep up - to - date with developments within the CAcert
Community . </ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< h2 >< a name = " 4 " > 4. </ a > The Assurance </ h2 >
< h3 >< a name = " 4.1 " > 4.1 .</ a > The Assurance Process </ h3 >
< p > The Assurer conducts the process of Assurance with each
Member . </ p >
< p > The process consists of : </ p >
< ol >
< li >
< p > Voluntary agreement by both Assurer and Member or
Prospective Member to conduct the Assurance ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Personal meeting of Assurer and Member or Prospective
Member ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Recording of essential details on CAcert Assurance
Programme form ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Examination of Identity documents by Assurer and
verification of recorded details ( the Name ( s ) and Secondary
Distinguishing Feature , e . g . , DoB ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Allocation of Assurance Points by Assurer ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Optional : supervision of reciprocal Assurance made by
Assuree ( Mutual Assurance ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Safekeeping of the CAcert Assurance Programme ( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/cap.php " target = " _blank " > CAP </ a > )
forms by Assurer . </ p >
</ li >
</ ol >
< h3 >< a name = " 4.2 " > 4.2 .</ a > Mutual Assurance </ h3 >
< p > Mutual Assurance follows the principle of reciprocity . This
means
that the Assurance may be two - way , and that each member participating
in the Assurance procedure should be able to show evidence of their
identity to the other . </ p >
< p > In the event that an Assurer is assured by a Member who is not
certified as an Assurer , the Assurer supervises the Assurance
procedure and process , and is responsible for the results . </ p >
< p > Reciprocity maintains a balance between the ( new ) member and
the
Assurer , and reduces any sense of power . It is also an important aid
to the assurance training for future Assurers . </ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 4.3 " > 4.3 .</ a > Assurance Points </ h3 >
< p > The Assurance applies Assurance Points to each Member which
measure the increase of confidence in the Statement ( above ) .
Assurance Points should not be interpreted for any other purpose .
Note that , even though they are sometimes referred to as < i > Web - of - Trust </ i >
( Assurance ) Points , or < i > Trust </ i > Points , the meaning
of the word
'Trust' is not well defined . </ p >
< p >< i > Assurance Points Allocation </ i >< br >
An Assurer can allocate a
number of Assurance Points to the Member according to the Assurer ' s
experience ( Experience Point system , see below ) . The allocation of
the maximum means that the Assurer is 100 % confident in the
information presented : </ p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Detail on form , system , documents , person in accordance ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Sufficient quality identity documents have been checked ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Assurer ' s familiarity with identity documents ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > The Assurance Statement is confirmed . </ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< p >
Any lesser confidence should result in less Assurance Points for a
Name . If the Assurer has no confidence in the information presented ,
then < i > zero </ i > Assurance Points may be allocated by the Assurer .
For example , this may happen if the identity documents are totally
unfamiliar to the Assurer . The number of Assurance Points from < i > zero </ i >
to < i > maximum </ i > is guided by the Assurance Handbook
and the judgement of the Assurer .
If there is negative confidence the Assurer should consider
filing a dispute .
</ p >
< p > Multiple Names should be allocated Assurance Points
independently within a single Assurance . </ p >
< p >
A Member who is not an Assurer may award an Assurer in a
reciprocal process a maximum of 2 Assurance Points , according to
her judgement . The Assurer should strive to have the Member allocate
according to the Member ' s judgement , and stay on the cautious side ;
the Member new to the assurance process
should allocate < i > zero </ i > Assurance Points
until she gains some confidence in what is happening .
</ p >
< p >
In general , for a Member to reach 50 Assurance Points , the Member must
have participated in at least two assurances , and
at least one Name will have been assured to that level .
</ p >
< p >
To reach 100 Assurance
Points , at least one Name of the Assured Member must have been
assured at least three times .
</ p >
< p >
The maximum number of Assurance
Points which can be allocated for an Assurance under this policy
and under any act under any
Subsidiary Policy ( below ) is 50 Assurance Points .
</ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 4.4 " > 4.4 .</ a > Experience Points </ h3 >
< p > The maximum number of Assurance Points that may be awarded by
an
Assurer is determined by the Experience Points of the Assurer . </ p >
< blockquote >
< p align = " left " >< font size = " 2 " >< i > Table 2 :
Maximum of Assurance Points </ i ></ font >
</ p >
< table border = " 1 " cellpadding = " 2 " cellspacing = " 0 " width = " 15% " >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td >
< p >< i > Assurer ' s Experience Points </ i ></ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p >< i > Allocatable Assurance Points </ i ></ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 0 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 10 </ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 10 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 15 </ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 20 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 20 </ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 30 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 25 </ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 40 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 30 </ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td >
< p align = " center " >& gt ; = 50 </ p >
</ td >
< td >
< p align = " center " > 35 </ p >
</ td >
</ tr >
</ tbody >
</ table >
</ blockquote >
< p > An Assurer is given a maximum of 2 Experience Points for every
completed Assurance . On reaching Assurer status , the Experience
Points start at 0 ( zero ) . </ p >
< p > Less Experience Points ( 1 ) may be given for mass Assurance
events ,
where each Assurance is quicker . </ p >
< p > Additional Experience Points may be granted temporarily or
permanently to an Assurer by CAcert Inc . ' s Committee ( board ), on
recommendation from the Assurance Officer . </ p >
< p > Experience Points are not to be confused with Assurance
Points . </ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 4.5 " > 4.5 .</ a > CAcert Assurance Programme ( CAP ) form </ h3 >
< p > The CAcert Assurance Programme ( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/cap.php " target = " _blank " > CAP </ a > )
form requests the following details of each Member or Prospective
Member : </ p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Name ( s ), as recorded in the on - line account ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Primary email address , as recorded in the on - line account ;
</ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Secondary Distinguishing Feature , as recorded in the
on - line account ( normally , date of birth ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Statement of agreement with the CAcert Community
Agreement ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Permission to the Assurer to conduct the Assurance
( required for privacy reasons ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Date and signature of the Assuree . </ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< p > The CAP form requests the following details of the Assurer : </ p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > At least one Name as recorded in the on - line account of
the Assurer ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Assurance Points for each Name in the identity
document ( s ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Statement of Assurance ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Optional : If the Assurance is reciprocal , then the
Assurer ' s email address and Secondary Distinguishing Feature are
required as well ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Date , location of Assurance and signature of Assurer . </ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< p > The CAP forms are to be kept at least for 7 years by the
Assurer . </ p >
< h2 >< a name = " 5 " > 5. </ a > The Assurance Officer </ h2 >
< p > The Committee ( board ) of CAcert Inc . appoints an Assurance
Officer
with the following responsibilities : </ p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Reporting to the Committee and advising on all matters to
do with Assurance ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Training and testing of Assurers , in association with the
Education Team ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Updating this Assurance Policy , under the process
established by Policy on Policy ( < a href = " https://www.cacert.org/policy/PolicyOnPolicy.php " target = " _blank " > PoP </ a > ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Management of all Subsidiary Policies ( see below ) for
Assurances , under Policy on Policy ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Managing and creating rules of detail or procedure where
inappropriate for policies ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Incorporating rulings from Arbitration into policies ,
procedures or guidelines ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Assisting the Arbitrator in any requests ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Managing the Assurer Handbook ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Maintaining a sufficient strength in the Assurance process
( web - of - trust ) to meet the agreed needs of the Community . </ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< h2 >< a name = " 6 " > 6. </ a > Subsidiary Policies </ h2 >
< p > The Assurance Officer manages various exceptions and additional
processes . Each must be covered by an approved Subsidiary Policy
( refer to Policy on Policy =& gt ; CAcert Official Document COD1 ) .
Subsidiary Policies specify any additional tests of knowledge
required and variations to process and documentation , within the
general standard stated here . </ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 6.1 " > 6.1 .</ a > Standard </ h3 >
< p > Each Subsidiary Policy must augment and improve the general
standards in this Assurance Policy . It is the responsibility of each
Subsidiary Policy to describe how it maintains and improves the
specific and overall goals . It must describe exceptions and potential
areas of risk . </ p >
< h3 >< a name = " 6.2 " > 6.2 .</ a > High Risk Applications </ h3 >
< p > In addition to the Assurance or Experience Points ratings set
here and in other subsidiary policies , the Assurance Officer or policies can
designate certain applications as high risk . If so , additional
measures may be added to the Assurance process that specifically
address the risks .</ p >
< p > Additional measures may include :
</ p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Additional information can be required in process of assurance : </ p >
< ul >
< li > unique numbers of identity documents , </ li >
< li > photocopy of identity documents , </ li >
< li > photo of User , </ li >
< li > address of User .</ li >
</ ul >
< p > Additional Information is to be kept by Assurer , attached to
CAcert Assurance Programme ( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/cap.php " target = " _blank " > CAP </ a > )
form . Assurance Points allocation by this assurance is unchanged .
User ' s CAcert login account should be annotated to record type of
additional information ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Arbitration : </ p >
< ul >
< li > Member to participate in Arbitration . This confirms
their acceptance of the forum as well as trains in the process and
import ,
</ li >
< li > Member to file Arbitration to present case . This
allows Arbitrator as final authority ;
</ li >
</ ul >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Additional training ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Member to be Assurer ( at least 100 Assurance Points and
passed Assurer Challenge ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Member agrees to additional specific agreement ( s ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > Additional checking / auditing of systems data by CAcert
support administrators . </ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< p > Applications that might attract additional measures include
code - signing certificates and administration roles . </ p >
< h2 >< a name = " 7 " > 7. </ a > Privacy </ h2 >
< p > CAcert is a " privacy " organisation , and takes the
privacy of its Members seriously . The process maintains the security
and privacy of both parties . </ p >
< p > Information is collected primarily to make claims within the
certificates requested by users and to contact the Members . It is
used secondarily for training , testing , administration and other
internal purposes . </ p >
< p > The Member ' s information can be accessed under these
circumstances : </ p >
< ul >
< li >
2009-06-23 19:42:43 +00:00
< p > Under Arbitrator ruling , in a duly filed dispute ( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/policy/DisputeResolutionPolicy.php " target = " _blank " > Dispute Resolution Policy </ a >
2009-03-29 16:03:37 +00:00
=& gt ; COD7 ); </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > An Assurer in the process of an Assurance , as permitted on
the CAcert Assurance Programme ( < a href = " http://www.cacert.org/cap.php " target = " _blank " > CAP </ a > )
form ; </ p >
</ li >
< li >
< p > CAcert support administration and CAcert systems
administration when operating under the authority of Arbitrator or
under CAcert policy . </ p >
</ li >
</ ul >
< p >< a href = " http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer " >< img src = " /images/valid-xhtml11-blue " id = " graphics2 " alt = " Valid XHTML 1.1 " align = " bottom " border = " 0 " height = " 33 " width = " 90 " ></ a >
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