From 94e48cff5a921aa3363b1f48c4f767357fe0c6be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wytze van der Raay
-This is the Dispute Resolution Policy for CAcert.
+This is the Dispute Resolution Policy
+for CAcert
+for the CAcert Community, consisting of CAcert Inc and Members who agree to the CAcert Community Agreement (CCA).
Disputes arising out of
-operations by CAcert and interactions between
-users may be addressed through this policy.
+operations by CAcert
+Inc
+and interactions between
+
+Members
+
+may be addressed through this policy.
This document also presents the rules for
resolution of disputes.
Disputes include:
@@ -64,9 +99,12 @@ Disputes include:
Requests for non-routine support actions.
CAcert support team has no authority to
act outside the normal support facilities made
- available to Users;
+ available to
+
+ Members;
+
Anyone may file a dispute.
In filing, they become Claimants.
Disputes are filed by being sent to the normal
@@ -96,7 +134,7 @@ Such fees as are imposed on filing will be specified
on the dispute resolution page of the website.
The Case Manager (CM) takes control of the filing.
The personnel within the CAcert support team
are Case Managers, by default, or as directed
-by the Dispute Resolution Officer.
+by the Dispute Resolution Officer (DRO).
The filing must specify:
0. Introduction
+ Dispute Resolution Policy
+
+ 0. Introduction
0.1 Nature of Disputes
+ 0.1 Nature of Disputes
1. Filing
+ 1. Filing
- 1.1 Filing Party
+ 1.1 Filing Party
1.2 Channel for Filing
+ 1.2 Channel for Filing
1.3 Case Manager
+ 1.3 Case Manager
1.4 Contents
+ 1.4 Contents
The Case Manager selects the Arbitrator according -to the mechanism managed by the Dispute Resolution Officer +to the mechanism managed by the +DRO and approved from time to time. This mechanism is to maintain a list of Arbitrators available for dispute resolution. @@ -174,24 +213,31 @@ closed with status "declined."
-Arbitrators are experienced Assurers of CAcert. +Arbitrators are experienced Assurers of CAcert. They should be independent and impartial, including -of CAcert itself where it becomes a party. +of CAcert Inc. itself where it becomes a party.
--The Board of CAcert and the Users vest in Arbitrators +The Board of CAcert Inc. and the + +Members of the Community + + vest in Arbitrators full authority to hear disputes and deliver rulings -which are binding on CAcert and the Users. +which are binding on CAcert Inc. and the + +Members. +
-The Arbitrator conducts some preliminaries: @@ -208,29 +254,54 @@ The Arbitrator conducts some preliminaries: agree, are under such jurisdiction, and it is deemed more appropriate. However, this is strictly limited to those parties, - and especially, CAcert and other parties - remains under the governing law. + and especially, CAcert Inc. and other parties + remain under the governing law.
-Jurisidiction - the right or power to hear and rule on +Jurisdiction - the right or power to hear and rule on disputes - is initially established by clauses in the -User agreements for all CAcert Users. + +CAcert Community Agreement. + The agreement must establish:
@@ -292,7 +365,7 @@ to be considered carefully:Each country generally has an Arbitration Act @@ -329,7 +406,12 @@ that elevates Arbitration as a strong dispute resolution forum. The Act generally defers to Arbitration if the parties have so agreed. -That is, as Users of CAcert, you agree to resolve +That is, as + + Members + +users of CAcert, +you agree to resolve all disputes before CAcert's forum. This is sometimes called private law or alternative dispute resolution. @@ -338,13 +420,16 @@ or alternative dispute resolution.
As a matter of public policy, courts will generally refer any case back to Arbitration. -Users should understand that they will have + + Members + +should understand that they will have strictly limited rights to ask the courts to seek to have a case heard or to override a Ruling.
-When an external court claims and asserts its jurisdiction, @@ -362,17 +447,20 @@ seek to have a case heard or to override a Ruling. court, and rules. The Arbitrator may rule to reject the order, for jurisdiction or other reasons. - By way of example, if all Parties are registered Users, + By way of example, if all Parties are + + Members, + then jurisdiction more normally falls within the forum. If the Arbitrator rules to reject, - he should do so only after consulting with CAcert counsel. + he should do so only after consulting with CAcert Inc. counsel. The Arbitrator's jurisidiction is ordinarily that of dealing with the order, and not that which the external court has claimed to.
-The Arbitrator follows the procedure: @@ -382,8 +470,11 @@ The Arbitrator follows the procedure:
The Arbitrator records: @@ -420,11 +519,11 @@ The Arbitrator records:
Once the Ruling is delivered, the case is closed. The Case Manager is responsible for recording the -Ruling, publishing it, and advising users. +Ruling, publishing it, and advising Members.
@@ -440,53 +539,94 @@ Arbitrator declare the Ruling private under seal. Such a declaration must be reviewed in its entirety by the Board, and the Board must confirm or deny that declaration. -If it confirms, the existance of any Rulings under seal -must be published to the Users in a timely manner +If it confirms, the existence of any Rulings under seal +must be published to the + + Members + +in a timely manner (within days).
--The Ruling is binding and final on CAcert and all Users. -Ordinarily, all Users agree to be bound by this dispute -resolution policy. Users must declare in the Preliminaries +The Ruling is + +ordinarily final and binding +binding and final +on CAcert Inc. and all + + Members + +. +Ordinarily, all + + Members + + agree to be bound by this dispute +resolution policy. + + Members + +must declare in the Preliminaries any default in agreement or binding.
-If a person who is not a User is a party to the dispute, +If a person who is not a + + Member + +is a party to the dispute, then the Ruling is not binding and final on that person, but the Ruling must be presented in filing any dispute in another forum such as the person's local courts.
--In the case of clear injustices, egregious behaviour or -unconscionable Rulings, parties may seek to re-open the -case by filing a dispute. The new Arbitrator -reviews the new dispute, +In the event case of clear injustices, egregious behaviour or +unconscionable Rulings, + +a review may be requested by filing a dispute (DRAFT p20110108). + + +parties may seek to re-open the +case by filing a dispute. + +The new Arbitrator reviews the new dispute, re-examines and reviews the entire case, then rules on whether the case may be re-opened or not.
+ +If the Review Arbitrator rules the case be re-opened, +then the Review Arbitrator refers the case to an Appeal Panel of 3. +The Appeal Panel is led by a Senior Arbitrator, +and is formed according to procedures established +by the DRO from time to time. +The Appeal Panel hears the case and delivers a final and binding Ruling. + (DRAFT p20110108) + + If the new Arbitrator rules the case be re-opened, then it is referred to the Board of CAcert Inc. The Board hears the case and delivers a final and binding Ruling. +
-All liability of the Arbitrator for any act in connection with deciding a dispute is excluded by all parties, provided such act does not constitute an intentional breach of duty. -All liability of the Arbitrators, CAcert, its officers and its +All liability of the Arbitrators, CAcert Inc., its officers and its employees (including Case Manager) for any other act or omission in connection with arbitration proceedings is excluded, provided such acts do not @@ -495,15 +635,18 @@ constitute an intentional or grossly negligent breach of duty.
The above provisions may only be overridden by -appeal process (by means of a new dispute causing -referral to the Board). +appeal process + (by means of a new dispute causing referral to the Board). +
-The Arbitrator generally instructs using internal remedies, -that is ones that are within the general domain of CAcert, +that is ones that are within the general domain of +CAcert +the Community, but there are some external remedies at his disposal. He may rule and instruct any of the parties on these issues.
@@ -515,7 +658,7 @@ He may rule and instruct any of the parties on these issues.-The advantage of this process for Users is: +The advantage of this process for + + Members + + is:
Some disadvantages exist.
To the extent reasonable, the Arbitrator conducts @@ -635,5 +789,6 @@ Note also that many elements of legal proceedings are deliberately left out of the rules.
+
+ Status: POLICY m20070919.3
+ DRAFT p20110108 p20121213
+ Editor: Teus Hagen +
+ Licence: CC-by-sa+DRP
+ +