Implement client certificate authentication

- add a cats.authentication.ClientCertificateBackend authentication
  backend implementation that extracts the used fields from a client
  certificate
- configure the AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS setting to use the
  ClientCertificateBackend
- add cryptography dependency to parse certificate data
- add gunicorn as production dependency
- add a development configuration for Gunicorn
- document how to pass client certificate information via nginx reverse
  proxy
- add a certificate_login view and a basic home_page view and add
  corresponding URL patterns
- ignore PEM encoded files and temporary gunicorn files
This commit is contained in:
Jan Dittberner 2024-09-20 12:42:37 +02:00
parent 0b7d001062
commit 3f4e005cf3
10 changed files with 311 additions and 4 deletions

3
.gitignore vendored
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@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
*.pem
.*.swp
/.idea/
__pycache__/
gunicorn-dev.log
gunicorn-dev.pid

View file

@ -26,6 +26,62 @@ cd django-cats
poetry install
```
## Enabling client certificate authentication using nginx
The application expects a client to send a client certificate. You may
configure nginx as a reverse proxy to accomplish this. The configuration
example below assumes that you have the application running on port 8000
(either via `poetry run python3 manage.py runserver` or via
`poetry run gunicorn -c config/gunicorn/dev.py`).
You will need a private key and certificate for your local hostname
(`cats-dev.localhost` in the example below).
[`mkcert`](https://github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert) is a good choice to create
these.
You will also need the concatenated PEM encoded CA certificates that you want
to allow for client certificate authentication. You may retrieve the CAcert
CA certificates using:
```shell
(curl https://www.cacert.org/certs/CAcert_Class3Root_x14E228.crt ; \
curl https://www.cacert.org/certs/root_X0F.crt) \
> cacert_ca_certificates.pem
```
```
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
listen 443 ssl;
listen [::]:443;
server_name cats-dev.localhost;
ssl_certificate /<path to your certificates>/cats-dev.localhost.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /<path to your certificates>/cats-dev.localhost-key.pem;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers kEECDH+AESGCM:kEECDH+RC4:kEECDH+AES:kEECDH:EDH+AESGCM:kEDH+RC4:kEDH+AES:kEDH:AESGCM:RC4:ALL:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:!aNULL:!eNULL;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_client_certificate /<path to your certificates>/cacert_ca_certificates.pem;
ssl_verify_client optional;
ssl_verify_depth 1;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains";
if ($https = "") {
return 301 https://$host$uri;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8000;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-SSL-CERT $ssl_client_escaped_cert;
}
}
```
## License
CATS

42
cats/authentication.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
from urllib.parse import unquote_to_bytes
from cryptography import x509
from cryptography.x509 import load_pem_x509_certificate, SubjectAlternativeName
from django.contrib.auth.backends import BaseBackend
class ClientCertificateUser:
def __init__(self, serial_number, issuer_name, subject_name, emails):
self.serial_number = serial_number
self.issuer_name = issuer_name
self.subject_name = subject_name
self.emails = emails
def __str__(self):
return (f"<ClientCertificateUser[serial_number={self.serial_number}, issuer_name={self.issuer_name},"
f" subject_name={self.subject_name}, emails={self.emails}]>")
class ClientCertificateBackend(BaseBackend):
def authenticate(self, request, encoded_certificate=None):
"""
encoded_certificate is expected to be a URL encoded PEM certificate as sent by nginx when using the
$ssl_client_escaped_cert
"""
if encoded_certificate is None:
return None
pem_data = unquote_to_bytes(encoded_certificate)
certificate_data = load_pem_x509_certificate(pem_data)
subject_alternative_name = certificate_data.extensions.get_extension_for_class(SubjectAlternativeName)
emails = subject_alternative_name.value.get_values_for_type(x509.RFC822Name)
serial_number = f"{certificate_data.serial_number:X}"
if len(serial_number) % 2 == 1:
serial_number = "0" + serial_number
issuer_name = certificate_data.issuer.get_attributes_for_oid(x509.OID_COMMON_NAME)[0].value
subject_name = certificate_data.subject.get_attributes_for_oid(x509.OID_COMMON_NAME)[0].value
return ClientCertificateUser(serial_number, issuer_name, subject_name, emails)

9
cats/urls.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
# URL configuration for cats
from django.urls import path
from cats.views import certificate_login, home_page
urlpatterns = [
path("", home_page, name="home"),
path("auth/login", certificate_login, name="login"),
]

View file

@ -1,3 +1,23 @@
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
from django.http import HttpResponseForbidden, HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
# Create your views here.
def certificate_login(request):
certificate = request.META.get('HTTP_X_SSL_CERT', None)
user = authenticate(request, encoded_certificate=certificate)
if not user:
return HttpResponseForbidden(_("you have not sent a valid client certificate"))
if "next" in request.GET:
return HttpResponseRedirect(request.GET["next"])
return redirect("home")
def home_page(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello World!")

11
config/gunicorn/dev.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
from doctest import debug
wsgi_app = "django_cats.wsgi:application"
loglevel = "debug"
workers = 2
bind = "127.0.0.1:8000"
reload = True
accesslog = errorlog = "gunicorn-dev.log"
capture_output = True
pidfile = "gunicorn-dev.pid"
daemon = False

View file

@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ DATABASES = {"default": env.dj_db_url("DATABASE_URL")}
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = [
"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend",
"cats.authentication.ClientCertificateBackend",
]

View file

@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ Including another URLconf
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
path("", include("cats.urls")),
]

162
poetry.lock generated
View file

@ -63,6 +63,85 @@ d = ["aiohttp (>=3.7.4)", "aiohttp (>=3.7.4,!=3.9.0)"]
jupyter = ["ipython (>=7.8.0)", "tokenize-rt (>=3.2.0)"]
uvloop = ["uvloop (>=0.15.2)"]
[[package]]
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version = "1.17.1"
description = "Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code."
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[package.dependencies]
pycparser = "*"
[[package]]
name = "click"
version = "8.1.7"
@ -88,6 +167,55 @@ files = [
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version = "43.0.1"
description = "cryptography is a package which provides cryptographic recipes and primitives to Python developers."
optional = false
python-versions = ">=3.7"
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[package.dependencies]
cffi = {version = ">=1.12", markers = "platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\""}
[package.extras]
docs = ["sphinx (>=5.3.0)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (>=1.1.1)"]
docstest = ["pyenchant (>=1.6.11)", "readme-renderer", "sphinxcontrib-spelling (>=4.0.1)"]
nox = ["nox"]
pep8test = ["check-sdist", "click", "mypy", "ruff"]
sdist = ["build"]
ssh = ["bcrypt (>=3.1.5)"]
test = ["certifi", "cryptography-vectors (==43.0.1)", "pretend", "pytest (>=6.2.0)", "pytest-benchmark", "pytest-cov", "pytest-xdist"]
test-randomorder = ["pytest-randomly"]
[[package]]
name = "dj-database-url"
version = "2.2.0"
@ -183,6 +311,27 @@ dev = ["environs[tests]", "pre-commit (>=3.5,<4.0)", "tox"]
django = ["dj-database-url", "dj-email-url", "django-cache-url"]
tests = ["environs[django]", "pytest"]
[[package]]
name = "gunicorn"
version = "23.0.0"
description = "WSGI HTTP Server for UNIX"
optional = false
python-versions = ">=3.7"
files = [
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]
[package.dependencies]
packaging = "*"
[package.extras]
eventlet = ["eventlet (>=0.24.1,!=0.36.0)"]
gevent = ["gevent (>=1.4.0)"]
setproctitle = ["setproctitle"]
testing = ["coverage", "eventlet", "gevent", "pytest", "pytest-cov"]
tornado = ["tornado (>=0.2)"]
[[package]]
name = "isort"
version = "5.13.2"
@ -283,6 +432,17 @@ docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "proselint (>=0.14)", "sphinx (>=8.0.2)", "sphinx-a
test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=8.3.2)", "pytest-cov (>=5)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)"]
type = ["mypy (>=1.11.2)"]
[[package]]
name = "pycparser"
version = "2.22"
description = "C parser in Python"
optional = false
python-versions = ">=3.8"
files = [
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]
[[package]]
name = "python-dotenv"
version = "1.0.1"
@ -348,4 +508,4 @@ files = [
[metadata]
lock-version = "2.0"
python-versions = "^3.9"
content-hash = "a54b4daab6692ddab053db93b747414189a5c8cc278eb9f35e9788be19e96caa"
content-hash = "f378e49e6476d0a2ecfd2cff39ac0f5f13741fb6776d71528ca09334cdbd08d4"

View file

@ -12,12 +12,17 @@ python = "^3.9"
Django = "^4.2.0"
environs = {extras = ["django"], version = "^11.0.0"}
mysqlclient = "^2.2.4"
cryptography = "^43.0.1"
[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
django-debug-toolbar = "^4.4.6"
black = "^24.8.0"
isort = "^5.13.2"
[tool.poetry.group.prod.dependencies]
gunicorn = "^23.0.0"
[build-system]
requires = ["poetry-core"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"