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20 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Assurance Policy</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1> Assurance Policy for CAcert Community Members<br>
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</h1>
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<p>
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<a href="PolicyOnPolicy.html"><img src="Images/cacert-wip.png" alt="CAcert Policy Status" style="border-style: none;" height="31" width="88"></a><br>
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Author: Ian Grigg<br>
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Creation date: 2008-05-30<br>
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Status: WIP 2008-05-30<br>
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Next status: DRAFT June 2008<br>
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<br>
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</p>
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<h2>0. Preamble</h2>
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<p>
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Definitions of terms:
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</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><em>Assurance</em></dt>
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<dd>Assurance is the process by which a Member of CAcert
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Community (Assurer) identifies an individual (Assuree).
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<br>
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With sufficient assurances, a Member may (a) issue certificates with
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their Names included, (b) participate in assuring others, and (c) other
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related activities.
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The strength of these activities is based on the strength of the
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assurance. </dd>
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<dt><em>Member</em></dt>
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<dd>An individual who has agreed to the
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CAcert Community Agreement (CCA) and has created successfully a CAcert
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(web)account on http://www.cacert.org.
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</dd>
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<dt><em>Name</em></dt>
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<dd>A Name is the full name (first
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name(s), family name(s), name extensions,abreviation of name(s), etc.)
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of an individual. The Name is technically spoken a string exactly taken
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from a governemental issued photo ID. Transliteration of characters to
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a character table defined by CAcert is permitted. </dd>
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<dt><em>Secondary Distinguishing Feature</em> (DoB)</dt>
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<dd>A Name for
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an individual is discrimated from similar full names by a secondary
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distinguished feature, as recorded on the on-line CAcert (web) account.
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Currently this is the date of birth (DoB) of the individual.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h3>The CAcert Web of Trust</h3>
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<p>
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Each assurance claims a number of Assurance Points, applied to the
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assured Member or Member prospect.
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By combining the assurances, and the Assurance Points, CAcert
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constructs a global <em>Web of Trust</em> ("WoT"). </p>
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<p>CAcert explicitly chooses to meet its various goals by
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construction of a web-of-trust of all Members.
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This is done by face-to-face meeting, identifying and sharing claims in
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a network.
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Maintaining a sufficient strength for the web-of-trust is a high-level
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objective of the Assurance process. </p>
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<p></p>
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<h3>Related Documentation</h3>
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<p>
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Documentation on Assurance is split between this Assurance Policy (AP)
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and the <a target="_blank" href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/AssuranceHandbook2">Assurance
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Handbook</a>.
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The policy is controlled by Configuration Control Specification (<a target="_blank" href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/PolicyDrafts/ConfigurationControlSpecification">CCS</a>) under Policy on Policy (<a target="_blank" class="http" href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/PolicyOnPolicy.php">PoP</a>) policy documents.
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<br>
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Because Assurance is an active area, much of the practice is handed
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over to the Assurance Handbook, which is not a controlled document, and
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can more easily respond to experience and circumstances.
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It is also more readable. </p>
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<p>See also Organisation Assurance Policy (<a target="_blank" class="http" href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/OrganisationAssurancePolicy.php">OAP</a>) and CAcert Policy Statement (<a target="_blank" class="http" href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/policy.htm">CPS</a>). </p>
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<p></p>
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<h2>1. Purpose</h2>
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<p>
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The purpose of Assurance is to add confidence in the Assurance
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Statement made of a Member by the CAcert Community. </p>
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<p></p>
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<h3>The Assurance Statement</h3>
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<p>
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The following claims can be made about a person who is assured:
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</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li> The person is a bona fide Member.
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In other words, the person is a member of the CAcert community, as
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defined by the CAcert Community Agreement (CCA).
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</li>
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<li> The Member has a (login) (web)Account with CAcert's
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on-line registration and service system. </li>
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<li> The Member can be determined from any certificate issued
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by the Account. </li>
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<li> The Member is bound into CAcert's Arbitration (as defined
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by the CCA).</li>
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<li> Some personal details of the Member (Name(s), primary and
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other
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listed email address(es), secundary distinguished feature (eg DoB)) are
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known to CAcert. </li>
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</ol>
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<p>The confidence level of the Assurance Statement is expressed
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by the Assurance Points. </p>
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<p></p>
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<h3>Relying Party Statement</h3>
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<p>
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The primary goal of the Assurance Statement is to meet the needs of the
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<em>Relying Party Statement</em>, which latter is found in
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the Certification Practice Statement (<a target="_blank" class="http" href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/policy.htm">CPS</a>)
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for the express purpose of certificates. </p>
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<p>When a certificate is issued, some or all of the Assurance
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Statement
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may be incorporated (e.g., name) or implied (e.g., Membership or
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status) into the certificate and be part of the <em>Relying
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Party Statement</em>.
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In short, this means that other Members of the Community may rely on
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the information verified by Assurance and found in the certificate. </p>
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<p>In particular, certificates are sometimes considered to
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provide
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reliable indications of the Member's Name.
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The nature of Assurance, the number of Assurance Points, and other
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policies and processes should be understood as limitations on any
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reliance. </p>
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<p></p>
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<h2>2. The Member</h2>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h3>Name(s)</h3>
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<p>
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The general standard is that the individual name of the Member is as
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written on a government-issued Identity (photo) document. </p>
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<p><em>For more details see the <a target="_blank" href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/PolicyDrafts/PolicyOnNames">Policy
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Drafts Policy On Names</a>, where the discussion is carried on.
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This page will be copied into here when the discussion is complete.</em>
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</p>
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<p></p>
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<p> The technical form of a Name is a string of characters. It
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should be exactly copied from a governemental-issued photo ID.
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Transliteration of characters to a character table defined by Assurance
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Officer is permitted.
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</p>
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<strong>Multiple Names</strong>
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<br>
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A Member may have multiple individual Names.
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For example, married name, variations of initials of first or middle
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names, abbreviation of a first name, different language or country
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variations and transliterations of characters in a name.
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Each individual Name must be assured to the applicable level.
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That is, each Name to 50 Assurance Points to be used in a certificate.
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<br>
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For an Assurer at least one Name must have at least to 100 Assurance
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Points.
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<p></p>
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<h3>Capabilities</h3>
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<p>
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A Member has the following capabilities derived from Assurance:
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</p>
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<div>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
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<tbody>
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</tbody><caption align="bottom">Assurance
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Capability table</caption>
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<tbody>
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<tr align="left">
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<td width="10%"><em>Minimum Assurance Points</em></td>
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<td width="25%"><em>Capability</em></td>
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<td width="65%"><em>Comment</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top">
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<td align="center">0</td>
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<td>request un-named certificates</td>
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<td>although the Member's details are recorded in the
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account, they are not highly assured.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top">
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<td align="center">50</td>
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<td>request named certificates</td>
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<td>the name and Assurance Statement is assured to 50
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Assurance Points or more</td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top">
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<td align="center">100</td>
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<td>become an Assurer</td>
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<td>assured to 100 Assurance Points or more, and other
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requirements listed below</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>
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The CAcert Policy Statement (CPS) and other policies may list other
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capabilities that rely on Assurance Points. </p>
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<p></p>
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<h2>3. The Assurer</h2>
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<p>
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An Assurer is a Member with the following: </p>
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<ul>
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<li>is assured to a minimum of 100 Assurance Points, </li>
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<li>has passed the Assurer Challenge. </li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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The Assurer Challenge is administered by the Education Team on behalf
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of the Assurance Officer. </p>
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<p></p>
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<h3>The Obligations of the Assurer</h3>
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<p>
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The Assurer is obliged to: </p>
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<ul>
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<li>Follow this Assurance Policy; </li>
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<li>Follow any additional rules of detail laid out by the
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Assurance Officer; </li>
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<li>
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<p>Be guided by the <a target="_blank" href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/AssuranceHandbook2">Assurance
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Handbook</a> in their judgement; </p>
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</li>
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<li>Make a good faith effort at identifying and verifying
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Members; </li>
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<li>Maintain the documentation on each Assurance; </li>
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<li>Deliver documentation to Arbitration, or as otherwise
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directed by the Arbitrator;
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</li>
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<li>Keep up-to-date with developments within the CAcert
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Community. </li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h2>4. The Assurance</h2>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h3>The Assurance Process</h3>
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<p>
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The Assurer conducts the process of Assurance with each Member. </p>
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<p>The process consists of:
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</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>Voluntary agreement by both Assurer and Member or prospect
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Member to conduct the Assurance; </li>
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<li>Personal meeting of Assurer and Member or prospect Member;
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</li>
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<li>Recording of essential details on CAP form (below); </li>
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<li>Examination of Identity documents by Assurer and
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verification of recorded details (Name(s) and Secondary Distinguishing
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Feature, e.g., DoB);</li>
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<li>Allocation of Assurance Points by Assurer; </li>
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<li>Optional: supervision of reciprocal Assurance made by
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Assuree (Mutual Assurance);
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</li>
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<li>Safe keeping of the CAP forms by Assurer. </li>
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</ol>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h3>Mutual Assurance</h3>
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<p>
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Mutual Assurance follows the principle of reciprocity.
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This means that the Assurance may be two-way, and that each member
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participating in the Assurance procedure should be able to show
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evidence of their identity to the other. </p>
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<p>In the event that an Assurer is assured by a Member who is not
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certified as an Assurer, the Assurer supervises the Assurance procedure
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and process, and is responsible for the results. </p>
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<p>Reciprocity maintains a balance between the (new) Member and
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the Assurer, and reduces any sense of power.
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It is also an important aid to the assurance training for future
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Assurers. </p>
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<p><em>Evidence of Assurer status</em>
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<br>
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On the question of providing evidence that one is an Assurer, CAcert
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Policy Statement (<a target="_blank" class="http" href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/policy.htm#p3.2">CPS</a>)
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says:<em> The level at which each Member is Assured is public
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data. The number of Assurance Points for each Member is not published.</em>.
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</p>
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<p></p>
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<h3>Assurance Points</h3>
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<p>
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The Assurance applies Assurance Points to each Member which measure the
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increase of confidence in the Statement (above).
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Assurance Points should not be interpreted for any other purpose.
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Note that, even though they are sometimes referred to as <em>Web-of-Trust</em>
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(Assurance) Points, or <em>Trust</em> Points, the meaning
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of the word 'trust' is not well defined. </p>
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<p><em>Assurance Points Allocation.</em>
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<br>
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An Assurer can allocate a number of Assurance Points to the Member
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according to the Assurer's experience (Experience Point system, see
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below).
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The allocation of the maximum means that the Assurer is 100% confident
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in the information presented:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Detail on form, system, documents, person in accordance; </li>
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<li>Sufficient quality identity documents have been checked; </li>
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<li>Assurer's familiarity with identity documents;
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</li>
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<li>The Assurance Statement is confirmed. </li>
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</ul>
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<p>Any lesser confidence should result in less Assurance Points
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for a Name. If the Assurer has no confidence in the information
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presented, then <em>zero </em> Assurance Points may be
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allocated by the Assurer. For example, this may happen if the
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identity documents are totally unfamiliar to the Assurer.
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The number of Assurance Points from <em>zero</em> to <em>maximum
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</em> is guided by the Assurance Handbook and the judgement of
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the Assurer. </p>
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<p>Multiple Names should be allocated separately in a single
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Assurance.
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That is, the Assurer may allocate the maximum to one Name, half that
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amount to another Name, and zero to a third Name. </p>
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<p>A (new) Member who is not an Assurer may award an Assurer in a
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reciprocal process a maximum of 2 Assurance Points, according to his
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judgement.
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The Assurer should strive to have the Member allocate according to the
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Member's judgement, and stay on the cautious side; a (new) Member new
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to the assurance process should allocate <em>zero</em>
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Assurance Points until they get some confidence in what is happening. </p>
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<p>No Assurance process can give more than 50 Assurance Points
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per Name.
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This means that to reach 50 Assurance Points (certificate with a Name),
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a Member must have been assured at least once.
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To reach 100 Assurance Points, at least one Name of the Member must
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have been assured at least twice. </p>
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<p></p>
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<h3>Experience Points</h3>
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<p>
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The maximum number of Assurance Points that may be awarded by an
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Assurer is determined by the Experience Points of the Assurer.
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</p>
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<div>
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<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="15%">
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<caption align="bottom">Assurance Points table</caption>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><em>Assurer's Experience Points</em></td>
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<td><em>Allocatable Assurance Points</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="center">
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<td>0</td>
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<td>10</td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="center">
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<td>10</td>
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<td>15</td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="center">
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<td>20</td>
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<td>20</td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="center">
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<td>30</td>
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<td> 25</td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="center">
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<td>40</td>
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<td>30</td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="center">
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<td>>=50</td>
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<td>35</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>
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An Assurer is given a maximum of 2 Experience Points for every
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completed Assurance.
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On reaching Assurer status, the Experience Points start at zero.
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</p>
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<p>Less Experience Points (1) may be given for mass Assurance
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events, where each Assurance is quicker.
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</p>
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<p>Additional Experience Points may be granted temporarily or
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permanently
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to an Assurer by CAcert Inc's Board, on recommendation from the
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Assurance Officer. </p>
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<p>Experience Points are not to be confused with Assurance
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Points. </p>
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<p><em>Comment: this part still needs to be agreed.</em>
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</p>
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<p></p>
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<h3>CAcert Assurance Programme (CAP) form</h3>
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<p>
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The CAcert Assurance Programme (CAP) form requests the following
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details of each Member or prospect Member:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Name(s), as recorded in the on-line account;
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</li>
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<li>Primary email address, as recorded in the on-line account; </li>
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<li>Secondary Distinguishing Feature, as recorded in the
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on-line account (normally, date of birth);
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</li>
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<li>Statement of agreement with the CAcert Community Agreement
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(CCA); </li>
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<li>Permission to the Assurer to conduct the Assurance
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(required for privacy reasons); </li>
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<li>Date and signature of the Assuree.
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</li>
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</ul>
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The CAP form requests the following details of the Assurer:
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<ul>
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<li>At least one Name as recorded in the on-line account of the
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Assurer;
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</li>
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<li>Assurance Points for each Name in the identity document(s);
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</li>
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<li>Statement of Assurance;</li>
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<li>Optional: If the Assurance is reciprocal, then the
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Assurer's email address and Secondary Distinguishing Feature are
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required as well.
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</li>
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<li>Date, location of Assurance and signature of Assurer.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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The CAP forms are to be kept at least for 7 years by the Assurer. </p>
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<p></p>
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<h2>5. The Assurance Officer</h2>
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<p>
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The Commitee (Board) of CAcert Inc. appoints an Assurance Officer with
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the following responsibilities:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Reporting to the Board and advising on all matters to do
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with Assurance; </li>
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<li>Training and testing of Assurers, in association with the
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Education Team; </li>
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<li>
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Updating this Assurance Policy, under the process established by Policy on Policy (<a target="_blank" class="https" href="https://www.cacert.org/policy/PolicyOnPolicy.php">PoP</a>);
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</li>
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<li>
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Management of all Subsidiary Policies (see below) for Assurances, under Policy on Policy (
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<a target="_blank" class="https" href="https://www.cacert.org/policy/PolicyOnPolicy.php">PoP</a>);
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</li>
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<li>Managing and creating rules of detail or procedure where
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inappropriate for policies;
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</li>
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<li>Incorporating rulings from Arbitration into policies,
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procedures or guidelines;
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</li>
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<li>Assisting the Arbitrator in any requests;
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</li>
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<li>Managing the Assurer Handbook; </li>
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<li>Maintaining a sufficient strength in the Assurance process
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(web-of-trust) to meet the agreed needs of the Community. </li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h2>6. Subsidiary Policies</h2>
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<p>
|
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The Assurance Officer manages various exceptions and additional
|
|
processes.
|
|
Each must be covered by an approved Subsidiary Policy (refer to Policy
|
|
on Policy => COD1).
|
|
Subsidiary Policies specify any additional tests of knowledge required
|
|
and variations to process and documentation, within the general
|
|
standard stated here. </p>
|
|
<p>Examples of expected subsidiary policies are these:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<em>Remote Assurer Check;</em> </li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<em>Super Assurer Policy;</em> </li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<em> Junior Assurer Policy;</em> </li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<em> Code Signing Policy;</em> </li>
|
|
<li> <em>Organisation Assurance Policy and sub-policies
|
|
per country or region.</em>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>Standard</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Each Subsidiary Policy must augment and improve the general standards
|
|
in this Assurance Policy.
|
|
It is the responsibility of each Subsidiary Policy to describe how it
|
|
maintains and improves the specific and overall goals.
|
|
It must describe exceptions and potential areas of risk. </p>
|
|
<p></p>
|
|
<h3>High Risk Applications</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In addition to the Assurance or Experience Points ratings set here in
|
|
and in other policies, Assurance Officer or policies can designate
|
|
certain applications as high risk.
|
|
If so, additional measures may be added to the Assurance process that
|
|
specifically address the risks.
|
|
These may include:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt>Additional information</dt>
|
|
<dd>Additional information can be required in process of
|
|
assurance:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Unique numbers of identity documents; </li>
|
|
<li>Photocopy of identity documents; </li>
|
|
<li>Photo of User; </li>
|
|
<li>Address of User. </li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Additional Information is to be kept by Assurer, attached to CAP form.
|
|
Assurance Points allocation by this assurance is unchanged.
|
|
User's CAcert (web)account should be annotated to record type of
|
|
additional information:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Arbitration:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Member to participate in Arbitration. This confirms
|
|
their acceptance of the forum as well as trains in the process and
|
|
import. </li>
|
|
<li>Member to file Arbitration to present case. This allows
|
|
Arbitrator as final authority. </li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="gap">Additional training;
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="gap">Member to be Assurer (>= 100
|
|
Assurance Points and passed Assurer Challenge); </li>
|
|
<li class="gap">Member agrees to additional specific
|
|
agreement(s); </li>
|
|
<li class="gap">Additional checking/auditing of systems
|
|
data by CAcert support administrators; </li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Applications that might attract additonal measures include code-signing
|
|
certificates and administration roles. </p>
|
|
<p></p>
|
|
<h2>Privacy</h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
CAcert is a "privacy" organisation, and takes the privacy of its
|
|
Members seriously.
|
|
The process maintains the security and privacy of both parties. </p>
|
|
<p>Information is collected primarily to make claims within the
|
|
certificates requested by users and to contact the Members.
|
|
<br>
|
|
It is used secondarily for training, testing, administration and other
|
|
internal purposes. </p>
|
|
<p>The Member's information can be accessed under these
|
|
circumstances: </p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Under Arbitrator ruling, in a duly filed dispute (<a target="_blank" class="http" href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/DisputeResolutionPolicy.html">Dispute
|
|
Resolution Policy</a> => COD7) </li>
|
|
<li>An Assurer in the process of an Assurance, as permitted on
|
|
the CAP form. </li>
|
|
<li>CAcert support administration and CAcert systems
|
|
administration
|
|
when operating under the authority of Arbitrator or under CAcert
|
|
policy. </li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
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